Fifth Grade Narrative Essay Tips

Fifth Grade Narrative Essay TipsThere are several ways to prepare a Fifth Grade Narrative Essay. Some of these methods have become more popular than others, and this is something that parents and teachers should consider before deciding which method to use. Below, we will discuss five tips for preparing your students for their own Fifth Grade Narrative Essay.The first way to prepare for your Fifth Grade Narrative Essay is to write it yourself. If you do not have a lot of experience in writing, you can hire someone to help you out. The first step in this process is to take some time to get familiar with the format.This means that you have to write what is known as a 'Storyboard,' or a visual representation of the story you want to tell. Your Storyboard will be your guide for how the story will look when you are finished with it.By beginning to work on your Storyboard, you will be showing your students how important structure is to tell a good story. They will also see what it takes to find the right words to make a story exciting. They will see that if they follow the structure of the story, they will learn how to write a well-constructed story.In addition to having an easy-to-read Storyboard, there are several tips for writing a Fifth Grade Narrative Essay. These include the following:o Keep all of your adjectives clear and precise. The last thing you want to do is ruin your students' comprehension by using bad verbs, and with unnecessary adjectives.o When choosing your subject matter, be sure that you choose one that is both interesting and easy to understand. While that is very important, it is equally important to think about how well your student will be able to relate to the story you are presenting.

The Cost Of Having A Baby - 2224 Words

The Cost of Having a Baby Tiffany Jones November 16, 2014 HCM 615 Health Care Finance Dr. Donald S. Brady There are many things in life are great gifts, and being a parent is one. Getting the news that you are expecting a child is a speechless moment. It is a very joyful occasion and everyone is happy about what to expect over the next nine months. Baby names start flowing and in every magazine you are looking at outfits and furniture and things of that nature. But has anyone stop to think about what is cost to have this baby? What medical expenses that will be incurred during this forty weeks process. The answer is no. No one probably really cares but the hospital and the insurance company. Now it’s time to take a look at some of the cost behind the blessing of labor and delivery. The amount that a mother will incur to have her bundle of joy will depend on many different factors. One may take into consideration where you live, whether there are any complications and whether mommy has a vaginal birth or a C-section. But just to take a glimpse inside this world, here are a few figu res that may surprise you. For prenatal care and delivery, the cost in some areas can range from about $9,000 to over $250,000 (Alfieri, 2012), which is quite a wide range, if not more. This is without the privilege of having insurance to cover. Even with the privilege of having health insurance, the majority of these expenses could be covered, but that’s not always the case. ItShow MoreRelatedMedical Ethics : Medical Ethical Dilemma Essay878 Words   |  4 Pagesme because it dealt with a baby in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) born at twenty-four weeks’ gestation, weighing nine ounces. I want to be a NICU nurse so I am sure I will be faced with an issue similar to this at some point in my career. 2. What are your feelings about this dilemma? Are you for or against? I am for this dilemma. I liked when Doctor Ramanathan said, â€Å"I don t know if I can put cost to life†¦ It s worth it (Gorman, 2011). The fact that this baby may have a shot at livingRead MoreThe Vs. Formula For Infants Essay1090 Words   |  5 Pages Boobies Vs Formula When a woman delivers a baby, she has many questions to think about, like what shots to give them, where the baby should sleep, and what type of diapers they should use. One of the hardest decisions a new mother has to make is whether or not to breastfeed their baby. For years, mothers have been debating what would be more beneficial for the baby, breastfeeding or formula. â€Å"Several health organizations, including the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), the American MedicalRead MoreDesigning Our Future With Designer Babies1484 Words   |  6 Pages Designing our future with designer babies, many might not know what they are. Designer babies are babies that have their genetic make-up selected for them by their parents and are born to look specific to what the parents chose. It’s a great idea! This is an amazing option to choose for many other reasons than to have a beautiful baby! You can choose the eyes, nose, mouth, and head shape. You can choose the skin col or, height, and gender, (yes, you can choose whether or not to have your divaliciousRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Sections I And II1738 Words   |  7 Pagesare not prepared for these responsibilities. ïÆ'Ëœ TS: When teens have babies at such a young age it comes with challenges and expenses. ïÆ'Ëœ TS: Continuing their education can be challenging as well. Introduction: o Samantha, a fourteen year old teenager became pregnant in High School. The teen didn’t realize she was pregnant with twins. Samantha’s body was too weak to carry both, so she lost one of them. Burying one of her babies at such an early age was devastating. Samantha was faced with severalRead MoreThe Booming Birthing Business Essay1451 Words   |  6 Pagesto the hospital to deliver since it’s inception. What’s the lesser known fact about giving birth at home is that having a home delivery ,for a mom having a normal and healthy pregnancy, is much more safe for both mother and child. More women should have home births over hospital births because giving birth at the hospital causes an interruption in the mother/baby bonding process, the cost of hospital births is ridiculously high, and most intervention at the hospital is not only unnecessary, but potentiallyRead MoreAbortion Essay750 Words   |  3 Pagesmurders an unborn child, causes guilt for the mother’s decision to end her pregnancy and may cause problems to the mother’s health; abortion is irreversible that child will not have life. Some women having an abortion can suffer from damage to the uterus, internal bleeding including having pieces of the baby left inside her body causing difficulties. By means of ending the pregnancy, the mother may experience regret and psychological problems after abortion. The pregnancy should not be terminated dueRead MoreEssay On Breast Is Best1206 Words   |  5 Pagesbest for their baby. Once a couple discovers they are having a baby, there are many decisions that need attention.There is the matter of disposable diapers versus cloth diapers, a crib versus a bassinet, or arguably the most important decision, breastfeeding versus formula. This issue is one of the most import decisions for a parent to make.Breast milk is much healthier for a baby, according to many studies and research. There are many benefits of breastfee ding, including making babies healthier andRead MoreEssay on Teenage Pregnancy and Prevention1320 Words   |  6 PagesThe public sector cost in 2004 is $950 million dollars for teenage births (Hoffman, 2006). Billions of taxpayer dollars are spent every year to care and support teenage births. Although teen pregnancy has declined in the past, the United States is still number one out of all industrialized countries of teen pregnancies. Therefore, implementing an in depth sex education class covering parenting in schools will allow teens to fully understand he consequences of having protected or unprotected sex.Read MoreWhy Breastfeeding Is The Best Choice For Mom And Baby938 Words   |  4 Pagesalcohol. They pick up new healthier eating habits and baby proof the house. Buy the safest crib and car seats. Read all the reviews on which diapers are best quality. All because they want the best for their precious little bundle of joy. How they choose to feed the baby is no different. While breastfeeding can be time consuming; the minimal cost, ease of convenience and added health benefits are why breastfeeding is the best choice for mom and baby. Breastfeeding not only requires very little financialRead MorePreparing For Baby s Arrival1487 Words   |  6 PagesPreparing for Baby s Arrival - Tips to Ensure a Well-Planned Pregnancy and Delivery By J. O Neil | Co-Author: K. O Neil | Submitted On July 19, 2012 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook 1 Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest You are going

Imperialism and Existential Freedom in Works Such as...

When people think of the concept of imperialism, they usually view it as something that pertains to government. Even the first definition of imperialism in the dictionary is â€Å"imperial state, authority, spirit, or system of government† (Webster 729). However, imperialism encompasses so much more than this. In comparing the resonations between Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness with Johann Goethe’s Faust, one can see how imperialism affects the political, the social, the psychological, and the spiritual, especially within the past 200 years. Stemming from this is man’s existential freedom, his â€Å"mechanical and lifeless existence in society†, explored in Fyodor Dostoevsky’s â€Å"The Grand Inquisitor† and Herman Melville’s â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener†.†¦show more content†¦For example, when Marlow sees the manager, who is the epitome of imperialistic evil, abusing a young boy, Marlow does not do anything. H e thinks to himself how horrifyingly wrong it is, but he just walks away accepting what is happening. In the end, Marlow is symbolic of those few people, in the past and present, which can see all of the materialistic and selfish corruption that is rampant in the world and realize how wrong it is. Most of these people, as Marlow further represents, do absolutely nothing to bring about change, instead just accepting what is and letting it happen. The imperialism in Faust stands out very much. It is pretty much the simple fact that Faust sells his soul to Hell because of his won hubris. This one act is a great representation of all imperialism. Countries sell their souls so that they can gain power. The soul is what makes one human and contains all the human emotions such as compassion and love. Without a soul, one is an empty mass of flesh; the flesh may still appear the same on the outside, but inside there is nothing. Very much in common with imperialism is the concept of manâ €™s existential freedom. In â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener†, a man known as the Lawyer has already hired many different copyists, or scriveners, named Nippers, Turkey, and Ginger nut. These copyists do their jobs like perfect machines and are completely loyal to whatever the Lawyer wishes. Then comes a scrivener named

The Music Industry Essay - 1169 Words

Steve Jones in the article Music and the Internet suggests that popular music as well as academic articles relating to popular music were created and distributed by people who didn’t completely understand the idea of the music industry. He ultimately suggests that today compared to the introduction of popular music, a growing number of consumers are using the Internet to attain music. The internet has drastically changed the distribution systems also creating many ethical problems that werent found in the music industry before the internet. Because the internet started making a presence in almost every single business, it was almost no question that the internet is bringing about some changes in the music industry; a billion dollar†¦show more content†¦He has made a lot of dynamic presentations to scholarly and business events about the Internet and social change that it gave to music, and about the internets ethical and the appeal to everyday families. He is also an editor of the New Media Society, which is a global journal of research on up and coming media, technology. Most of Steve Jones writing is very impactful because he uses so many real life situations that give the reader that much belief in what he is saying. â€Å"Music and the internet†, is one of his most famous because it shows our generation the talent that was dominated by the beginning of popular music. The article starts of saying The fact is, if you want to make a difference in music, you have to change the machine. This undeniably gives justice to what Steve Jones wants to portray with this article. Throughout the article, the words power over sound is used to describe what the writers and performers of early popular music believed in. The article goes to say the beginning of popular music was the beginning of a new world, in the 1850’s many of the restaurants had a dance floor usually in the middle of the restaurant. Ironically Blues and Jazz were played by Black Americans who wrote and performed them at such restaurants; Steve Jones was quick to point out the ironic side of having black peopleShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Music On The Music Industry931 Words   |  4 Pagestechnology is actively changing the music industry. Production, distribution and sales of music have been affected dramatically within the last 10 years along with artists, composers, and technicians. Most of the changes have been great for consumers, but vastly negative for professionals in the music industry, however a few artists have found ways to adapt to the changing atmosphere of digitally downloaded music and use it to their advantage. We’ve seen music change form from physical, tangibleRead MoreMusic Industry : The Death Of Music Essay1064 Words   |  5 PagesTitle: Music Industry: The Death of Music Topic: The idea I want to talk about is the music industries. Purpose Statement: To inform the audience about the corruption of the music industry and how they are cheated out of their money. Audience Analysis: A. Demographics: The audience is demographically characterized as having both male and female Michigan State University students within the age group of 17 and 24. As well as being ethnically diverse. As a result, I think that the demographic ofRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On The Music Industry1500 Words   |  6 Pagessurvive in the music industry without a record deal. Thankfully, that has changed and it’s now easier than ever to create and distribute music without a major record label. But there still isn’t a free-for-all market where the music maker can be as free as they want, and maybe not as easy as it should be to reach out to an audience. The fact that music often is received differently in our society depending on the genre, is something we all know of but might don’t recognize. In any industry where moneyRead Moremusic industry2159 Words   |  9 Pageslisten to music for a variety of reasons. Some listen to music to relax in which it serves as a sort of escape from everyday life, some because they are a fan and follow a certain artist, and others because they can relate the lyrics to their own personal experiences. Whichever the case may be, music has and continues to serve an important role in people’s lives. Music has been circulating the air across many cultures for centuries; however, in the last 50 years, the music industry has becomeRead MoreMusic Piracy And The Music Industry1833 Words   |  8 PagesIf you ask people about the state of the music industry, you’re more than likely to hear something along the lines of â€Å"the music industry is dying†, and in some ways, this is true. Music piracy has definitely harmed the music industry for the worse, and continues to be a threat, as according to Digital Music News internet piracy grew 44% from 2008 - 2014 (Steele, â€Å"If You Think Piracy...†). Numbers like that just simply aren’t good for the music industry, as each example of piracy is an example ofRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On The Music Industry2013 Words   |  9 Pagesaround the world have enjoyed music in their everyday lives. Whether it be rock, hip hop, classical, or country, artist in every genre have put their heart and soul into creati ng the ear stimulating music that we have come to tap our feet and sing along with each and every day. That being said, a major problem is occurring in the music industry.Artist in today s music world are getting paid a fraction of what they should be getting paid when it comes to the music that they create for consumersRead MoreMusic Industry And Practice Music Production1726 Words   |  7 Pagesthis essay with the same, â€Å"I knew I wanted to be music ever since I was a little girl†, line in which you’ve probably heard over a thousand times, but I can honestly say that music has been the only passion I have continuously stuck by. I began writing songs when I was nine years old and I knew then that this was something I wanted to pursue. Therefore, when I heard there was an opportunity for me to learn about the music industry and practice music production, I couldn’t help but to apply. I thinkRead MoreThe Impact On The Music Industry1240 Words   |  5 Pag esProfit, While Creators Barely Get By Music streaming sites, such as Pandora and Spotify, have a negative impact on the music industry as a whole. Streaming affects more than just the music business itself, it astronomically decreases industry revenues, steals from and devalues the worth of the creators and their content, and is run from a poor business model that is only profitable for streaming companies. Not only do streaming sites directly disturb the music industry as a whole, but they also affectRead MoreThe Recorded Music Industry1602 Words   |  7 PagesThe recorded music industry is currently experiencing difficulties unimaginable during the 1980s, which were a period of growth, consolidation, and technical advancement. The album sector was still strong across the industry, something that became a financial boom from the mid-80s onwards with the advent and subsequent popularity of compact discs (CD). CDs became the dominant carrier of recorded music and quickly superseded vinyl albums. This was a major fillip to record companies, as fans boughtRead MoreMusic Industry Essay1009 Words   |  5 PagesMusic Industry Essay Introduction A i: I am going to be looking at the music publishing companies Universal Music Group, Inc. (UMG), one of the biggest major labels in the music industry and Beggars Group Limited, (BGL), a powerful UK independent label. UMG own and administrate VEVO and in recent news Google Inc. is reportedly looking at investing a 10% stake worth  £42million. The deal has not yet been signed but it is said that it will include a renewal agreement that will see VEVO

HSC English Essay - Belonging - 1392 Words

How have your set text and two chosen texts represented different perceptions of belonging or not belonging? Obtaining a sense of belonging is an intrinsic desire inextricably linked to our human nature. However, the inherent yearning to identify with a society, personality or context; can ironically lead to the compromising of one’s values that in turn hinges our sense of belonging. Such paradoxical interplay between a sense of connection and a loss of self is evident in Emily Dickinson’s poems I Died for Beauty; I had been Hungry all these Years and This is my Letter to the World, David Grossman’s reflective essay Writing in the Dark and Jason Reitman’s film Up in the Air. All three composers highlight the impracticality of humanity’s†¦show more content†¦Dickinson’s This is my Letter to the World raises tension between exclusion and the human conditions’ longing for belonging. Dickinson’s â€Å"letter to the world† is an extended metaphor of her deliberate attempt to establish an affinity with her society through ar t- her literature just like Grossman’s essay. Her vulnerability and isolation, is evident in her personal tone with â€Å"my letter† being exposed to the wider â€Å"world†. This disclosure juxtaposed with the next line â€Å"that never wrote to me† further emphasizes her reality filled with isolation. The juxtaposition encapsulates her position as an outsider, interplaying the themes of inclusion and exclusion, seen through her desire for her art to be reciprocated and appreciated by the open distant world. Furthermore, Dickinson covets for a sense of connection through the reoccurring motif of the natural world, personifying â€Å"her† as a feminine persona with a nurturing capacity emphasizes through the accumulation of endorsing imagery â€Å"tender majesty†¦ hands I cannot see†¦for love of her†. Despite her lack of relationship with her environment, she elevates nature to be majestic further denigrating her own self status as her writing will still be â€Å"judged† no matter how â€Å"tenderly†. Thus Dickinson seeks a sense of belonging through nature deriving from the human condition, yet in this driving process towards inclusion is met by exclusion from her sense of identityShow MoreRelatedBelonging Essay4112 Words   |  17 PagesHSC Subject Guide Belonging 2009 HSC: Area of Study – English - related material English HSC 2009 - 2012 is Belonging. What does belonging mean? From the Oxford Dictionary and Thesaurus: belong, verb, 1) to be rightly put into a particular position or class; 2) fit or be acceptable in a particular place or environment; 3) belong to be a member of; 4) belong to be the property or possession of. Belonging, noun, affiliation, acceptance, association, attachment, integration, closeness, rapport,Read MoreBelonging- Connections to Place1700 Words   |  7 PagesBelonging Essay 2011 HSC Question Question 3 (15 marks) Explore how perceptions of belonging and not belonging can be inï ¬â€šuenced by connections to places. In your response, refer to your prescribed text and at least ONE other related text of your own choosing. The prescribed texts are listed on the next page. Word Length: 1200 words A sense of belonging is an essential part of the human condition; it is a desire shared by all. Belonging refers to the ability of an individual to ï ¬ t in a speciï ¬ ed placeRead MoreBelonging Essay2272 Words   |  10 PagesHSC   STUDY   BUDDY    1       ADVANCED   ENGLISH   CONTENTS    PAGE:   BELONGING    BELONGING   ESSAY   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ   PAGES   2- ­Ã¢â‚¬ 3    BELONGING   SHORT   STORY   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ   PAGES   4- ­Ã¢â‚¬ 5       1        BELONGING   ESSAY    Perceptions   of,   and   attitudes   towards   belonging   are   varied   and   complex,   with    individuals   shaped   by   their   social,   historical   and   cultural   contexts.   Despite   being    inherent,   a   sense   ofRead MoreStrictly Ballroom Essay- Belonging2451 Words   |  10 PagesEnglish essay: People have the longing to belong and to be accepted by a group or community. A sense of Belonging can emerge from the connections and acceptance we have with other people, communities and the larger world. These ideas of belonging are represented in texts which explore aspects of belonging and an individual’s potential to challenge or improve a community group. The film ‘Strictly Ballroom,’ directed by Baz Lurhman, the film ‘Looking for Alibrandi’ directed by Kate Woods and the exaggeratedRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesvarious distinct external cost management techniques that create cost reduction pressures across the buyer–supplier interface. 6.3.2 THE SEVEN COMPANIES We studied the external cost management programmes at seven Japanese manufacturing companies, belonging to three diVerent supply chains (see the Appendix for a short description of each company). Komatsu was selected because of its reputation for eVectively managing costs across its supply chain. Toyo Radiator was chosen because it had a particularly

Free Essay Sample On Parol Evidence Rule

Question: Write an essay onparol evidence rule. Answer: The parol evidence rule refers to the rule of the substantive common law that applies in those cases of contract where any party is prevented in any written contract from making the presentation of the evidence that is extrinsic and makes the disclosure of ambiguity. The parol evidence rule also makes the clarification or makes the addition to terms of the contract that is written as a whole. The term parol is derived from the Anglo French and Anglo-Norman system that means oral. The primary rule of the parol evidence system is that as the parties to the contract reduced the agreement to a genuine agreement that is written, the extrinsic evidence of the agreements in the past or any such terms should never be considered during the interpretation of the written contract. In the simple terms, no party to a contract can make the use of the terms that is made before the written contract to make to make the contradiction of the term that is written. The rule of parol evidence is often con fused with the general evidence rule. But in the real terms, it is not the case. In the case of State Rail Authority of New South Wales v Heath Outdoor Pty Ltd(1986) 7 NSWLR 170, NSW Court of Appeal, at 191, the Court held that the rule of parol evidence shall never get the application in cases where is no contract in writing[1]. The rule of parol evidence has its application in cases of the other evidence that are extrinsic. In simpler terms it means that the rule applies in those cases where the written agreement does not create any different contract. in an event if the contract is in writing and makes the exclusion of any term which is integrated then the principles of parol evidence is not applied or excluded generally. But, there exist several exceptions to the general rule[2]. The exceptions include contracts that are integrated partially, the agreements containing the separate consideration than writing, the contracts acting to make the resolution of the ambiguities or those contracts that aim in the establishment of defenses. In this regard, there are several examples that can be taken into consideration. For instance, if John makes an agreement with Cook in writing to make the sale of his car for an amount of dollar two thousand. But there has been an argument that is put forward by Cook that John p reviously made the promise to Cook that he would sale the car at an amount of thousand dollars. In this instance, the parol evidence rule is applicable. In this example, the rule of parol evidence shall prevent John in making the contradiction of the promised dollar of thousand to an amount of dollar two thousand. In the case of Saleh v Romans [2010] NSWCA 373, the Court held that the equitable estoppel was ahead of the parol evidence rule[3]. The parol evidence rule for becoming effective it has to be stipulated that the contract must be in writing and integrated. In addition to that, the contract must also be in accordance with the judgment of the court be the final agreement in between the parties. An agreement that is final must be either complete or final integration. It is based on the fact that such contract must have an agreement that indicates its finality. In case the contract contains few and all the terms, which are agreed by the parties, then such contract is termed as a contract of partial integration. This means that the contract that is in writing acts as the final agreement only in case of certain terms. On the other side, in case, if the contract that is written contains all the terms and conditions that are agreed between the parties to it, it would be termed as complete integration. In the case of Gilberto v Kenny[1983] 48 CLR 620, the Court permitted the admissibility of the oral evidence. The Court al so held that Mrs. Kenny signed the written agreement relating to selling of house on behalf of her husband[4]. The difference between the complete and the partial integration is considered as relevant only to that extent to which the evidence is not included in the rule of parol evidence. In a case of both the partial and the complete integration, the evidence that is in contradiction of the contract ibn written is excluded from the parol evidence rule. However, in the case of integration in the partial sense, the terms of the contract that supplements the contract that is written is permissible in the rule of parol evidence. In case the parties to any contract create an intention to make a complete integration of the terms of the contract, then the parol evidence in the scope of the agreement is not permitted. In case, the parties to any contract make the intention to make any agreement of partial integration, then the rule of parol evidence cannot make the contradiction of the terms that are integrated. In case the rule of parol evidence is collateral, it regards that the agreement is a different one, and it does not make contradiction of the terms that are integrated[5]. In the small States of the United States like Colorado, Florida and Wisconsin, the rule regarding parol evidence stands as the strong evidence and is always prevented from making the interpretation of the contract. This is regarded as the rule of four corners. The four corners rule leads to the express stipulation of mainly two primary rules. In the first instance, the rule states that any Court shall never make the allowance of the rule of parol evidence to operate in case if the parties to the contract make the intention to make a complete and full integrated agreement. In the second instance, any Court shall take the help of the rule of parol evidence cases where the terms of any contract are totally ambiguous. The primary policy of the Court is to make the prevention of the parties from lying and protect any party to a contract gainst the act of double veracity. The other primary policy of Court to use the rule of parol evidence is to make the parties contract to rely on the cont racts that are written and also for the efficiency of a judicial system. In most of the jurisdictions, there are several exceptions to the rule of parole evidence[6]. Importance of Parole evidence rule: Making of Contract- Contract is regarded as when two parties' makes an agreement and when law enforces it. The final and complete form of a document will be recognized as a written document. Contract is not needed to be in a written form, but when it is in a written form, it must have to be identified and represented by both the parties. The contract when it is in written form it has to be enforceable by law. If in case any party fails to fulfill the terms and conditions of the contract then the other part can sue or file a suit for performance or noncompliance. In the eyes of the law, this kind of law suit is regarded as "Breach of contract". In the Court when the suit will be considered by the judge, the judge will take into consideration the written contract. Contract acts as only evidence in the Court in the matter of determining that the parties in a contract have fulfilled all the terms and conditions of the agreement. This is taken into consideration by the court because any o ther extra type of evidence will create complicacy in the proceedings of the court in the enforcement of written contract[7]. Parole evidence rule- The rules regarding parole evidence is applicable in matters of written contract. Parole evidence is a pertaining agreement which is not included in written form of contract. The Court doesn't entertain extra evidence because there is a burden of Court in determining the intentions and rights of the parties. Thus, Court entertains written Contract because it best determines the rights and intentions of the parties[8]. Parole evidence is dealt with deeds, will, and other kinds of writings which are referred as extraneous evidence which is applicable in both oral as well as written agreements which have written documents that are relevant. The parole evidence rule is regarded as the principle which helps in preserving the integrity of written documents or agreements that prohibit the parties from the alteration of the written documents. This also helps in using the contemporaneous or oral or written form of declarations which is not at all referred in the document[9]. The contract in the eyes of laws has different meanings which are commonly known as discussion, proposal and negotiation before they are finally included in the original contract. When the parties of contract by negotiation put their agreements in written version and acknowledges the statement in complete an in a form of exclusive declaration of their agreement that they have in the form of integrated contract. The rules regarding parol evidence apply to applicable to integrated contracts and supports that the parties in writing put their agreement and all other kinds of writing including oral and written agreements which merge into writing. Courts also do not grant permission to modify, amend, alter or change the integrated Contract in any of the ways contemporaneous or prior agreement which is contradictory regarding the terms of all kinds of written contracts. The parol evidence applies to written contracts to safeguard the terms and conditions of the Contract. The courts can assume that parol evidence rules regarding contract contain all kinds of provisions and terms which are specially intended by the parties and also helps in lacking those provisions that the parties do not want. In written integrated contract the rule of parol evidence is not applicable. It can be taken for example that in case the typographical or clerical is incorrectly placed in the agreement then it doesn't represent the true agreement between the parties. The court has the discretionary powers not to apply parol evidence rule as contradictory evidence, which includes mistake, under duress, undue influence or fraud. Finally, according to parol evidence, it can be stated that this evidence rule will not be applicable in preventing the evidence which describes the separate existence of the agreement between the parties. The law of sales includes numerous contracts which are written or oral for which the rules of parol evidence are applicable. The court in certain circumstances considers supplementary consistence evidence which doesn't include written agreements as long as it doesn't contradict the terms and conditions of the original agreement[10]. Implication of case laws: Masterson v. Sine, 68 cals. 2d 222, 436 P.2d 561, 65 Cal. Rptr. 545 (1968) Facts: Dallas and Rebecca Masterson as a tenant owned a ranch which was conveyed by them as a grand deed. Dallas sister and her husband repurchased the ranch in exchange for ten years in change which was to be paid by shine[11]. In the trial, it was held by the Court that determination of parol evidence was not included in admission of the extrinsic fact that the parties wanted the property which was kept in the family of Masterson and thus opinion was personal to the grantors who couldn't exercise the trustee in bankruptcy. The court in judgment held for P and D who appealed on the grounds of uncertain enforcement extrinsic evidence is meaningless and thus cannot be admitted[12]. Gordon v. Macgregor, (1909) 8 CLR 316, High Court of Australia, In this case the fact is that Gordon was not successful in delivering the specification Macgregor for which claimed damages. The agreement was that the delivery was to commence after three months from the date of Contract and that the minimum girth of the Goods was 6 feet[13]. The trial judge found that the delivery shouldnt have committed for three months period and also stated by trial judge that there was a mere oral agreement regarding the matter of minimum girth of logs[14]. In the judgment of full court Macgregor was successful; though it was considered there was some basic points regarding the judgment of trial judge had existence. It was found that there was existence of alleged oral terms. But the Judges on appeal found that there was proper evidence to support the findings of trial judge as there was an oral term as girth[15]. Six exemptions in parol evidence rule: Customs or usage- This means that the languages used as instrument in contract must have particular meaning especially in trade region and industry as admissible evidence. Hutton v Warren[16]. Verbal- This means that agreement and also detailed in case of contract until and outside the occurrence of event. Pym v Campbell[17]. Incomplete or Written Contract- When the contact is in full written form and without missing of any terms in which the court allows verbal evidence. Van Den Esschert v Chappell Ambiguous terms- Extrinsic evidence are applicable in contract in order to resolve ambiguity in any contract. White v Australia and New Zealand Theaters ltd. Mistake- If there was clear wrong or there was mistake of the parties was recorded in document[18]. Identify of the correct parties- verbal evidence is applicable in the ambiguity in order to identify the parties in agreement. Akot Pty Ltd v. Rathmines investments Pty Ltd. Reference List Abrams, Laura S. "Juvenile justice at a crossroads: Science, evidence, and twenty-first century reform."Social Service Review87.4 (2013): 725-752. Allen, Ronald J., et al. "Reforming the Law of Evidence of Tanzania (Part Two): Conceptual Overview and Practical Steps."BU Int'l LJ32 (2014): 1. Burrell, William D., and Edward E. Rhine. "Implementing evidence-based practices in community corrections: A review essay."Justice Research and Policy15.1 (2013): 143-157. Cornish, Trent, and Jay Whetzel. "Location Monitoring for Low-Risk Inmates-A Cost Effective and Evidence-Based Reentry Strategy."Fed. Probation78 (2014): 19. Couzens, J. Richard. "Realignment and Evidence-Based Practice: A New Era in Sentencing California Felonies."Federal Sentencing Reporter25.4 (2013): 217-219. Dagan, Netanel. "Looking Beyond Risk in Paroling Denying Prisoners A Response to Assy and Menashes The Catch-22 in Israels Parole Law."Criminal justice and behavior(2015): 0093854815589324. Emerson, Robert W. "Franchising and the Parol Evidence Rule."American Business Law Journal50.3 (2013): 659-728. Epstein, David G., Timothy Archer, and Shalayne Davis. "Extrinsic Evidence, Parol Evidence, and the Parol Evidence Rule: a Call for Courts to Use the Reasoning of the Restatements Rather than the Rhetoric of Common Law."NML Rev.44 (2014): 49. Hall, Maggie, and Kate Rossmanith. "Imposed Stories: Prisoner Self-narratives in the Criminal Justice System in New South Wales, Australia."International Journal for Crime, Justice Social Democracy5.1 (2016). Ingram, Jefferson L.Criminal evidence. Routledge, 2014. Lipsey, Mark W., and James C. Howell. "A broader view of evidence based programs reveals more options for state juvenile justice systems."Criminology Public Policy11.3 (2012): 515-523. Lynch, Michael.Themes of Parole as Presented in Bill C-10: Contributing to the Conservative Government's' Tough on Crime'Approach to the Criminal Justice System?. Diss. Universit d'Ottawa/University of Ottawa, 2015. Ong, Burton. "Book Review: International Handbook on Unfair Competition by Frauke Henning-Bodewig."Singapore Journal of Legal Studies(2013): 478. Ostendorf, Patrick. "The exclusionary rule of English law and its proper characterisation in the conflict of lawsis it a rule of evidence or contract interpretation?."Journal of Private International Law11.1 (2015): 163-183. Scott, Robert E. "Text versus Context: The Failure of the Unitary Law of Contract Interpretation."Francis Buckley, The American Illness: Essays on the Rule of Law(2013): 325-326. Tonry, Michael. "Evidence, ideology, and politics in the making of American criminal justice policy."Crime and Justice42.1 (2013): 1-18. Tzeng, Shuping. "Applying DEMATEL to investigate the relationship between factors affecting parole boards decision-making in Taiwan."The Prison Journal(2013): 0032885513512096. Welsh, Wayne N., et al. "Effects of an Organizational Linkage Intervention on Inter-Organizational Service Coordination Between Probation/Parole Agencies and Community Treatment Providers."Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research43.1 (2016): 105-121. [1] Abrams, Laura S. "Juvenile justice at a crossroads: Science, evidence, and twenty-first century reform."Social Service Review87.4 (2013): 725-752. [2] Welsh, Wayne N., et al. "Effects of an Organizational Linkage Intervention on Inter-Organizational Service Coordination Between Probation/Parole Agencies and Community Treatment Providers."Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research43.1 (2016): 105-121. [3] Allen, Ronald J., et al. "Reforming the Law of Evidence of Tanzania (Part Two): Conceptual Overview and Practical Steps."BU Int'l LJ32 (2014): 1. [4] Burrell, William D., and Edward E. Rhine. "Implementing evidence-based practices in community corrections: A review essay."Justice Research and Policy15.1 (2013): 143-157. [5] Cornish, Trent, and Jay Whetzel. "Location Monitoring for Low-Risk Inmates-A Cost Effective and Evidence-Based Reentry Strategy."Fed. Probation78 (2014): 19. [6] Couzens, J. Richard. "Realignment and Evidence-Based Practice: A New Era in Sentencing California Felonies."Federal Sentencing Reporter25.4 (2013): 217-219. [7] Dagan, Netanel. "Looking Beyond Risk in Paroling Denying Prisoners A Response to Assy and Menashes The Catch-22 in Israels Parole Law."Criminal justice and behavior(2015): 0093854815589324. [8] Emerson, Robert W. "Franchising and the Parol Evidence Rule."American Business Law Journal50.3 (2013): 659-728. [9] Epstein, David G., Timothy Archer, and Shalayne Davis. "Extrinsic Evidence, Parol Evidence, and the Parol Evidence Rule: a Call for Courts to Use the Reasoning of the Restatements Rather than the Rhetoric of Common Law."NML Rev.44 (2014): 49. [10] Hall, Maggie, and Kate Rossmanith. "Imposed Stories: Prisoner Self-narratives in the Criminal Justice System in New South Wales, Australia."International Journal for Crime, Justice Social Democracy5.1 (2016). [11] Ingram, Jefferson L.Criminal evidence. Routledge, 2014. [12] Lipsey, Mark W., and James C. Howell. "A broader view of evidence based programs reveals more options for state juvenile justice systems."Criminology Public Policy11.3 (2012): 515-523. [13] Lynch, Michael.Themes of Parole as Presented in Bill C-10: Contributing to the Conservative Government's' Tough on Crime'Approach to the Criminal Justice System?. Diss. Universit d'Ottawa/University of Ottawa, 2015. [14] Ong, Burton. "Book Review: International Handbook on Unfair Competition by Frauke Henning-Bodewig."Singapore Journal of Legal Studies(2013): 478. [15] Ostendorf, Patrick. "The exclusionary rule of English law and its proper characterisation in the conflict of lawsis it a rule of evidence or contract interpretation?."Journal of Private International Law11.1 (2015): 163-183.cott, Robert E. "Text versus Context: The Failure of the Unitary Law of Contract Interpretation."Francis Buckley, The American Illness: Essays on the Rule of Law(2013): 325-326.

Ecofeminism in the 21st Century free essay sample

Ecofeminism in the Twenty-First Century. by Susan Buckingham Introduction Since ecofeminism was developed as a concept in the 1970s (1), there have been, arguably, major policy shifts in the fields of gender (in)equality and environmental sustainability. Thus a consideration of the achievements of, and work outstanding for, ecological feminism is warranted. In this paper, I will assess the changing policy landscape to explore the extent to which this has structurally altered gender inequalities and societies treatment of the environment, and the imbrication of these wo processes. In order to do so, I will look at the rising profile of gender mainstreaming at the international, European Union (2) and European national level; the application of the feminism debate to environmental concerns; and the shifting of the radical edge of ecofeminism, to explore future possible trajectories (see, for example, Plumwood 2003; Seager 2003). To some extent, I will suggest that the transformation of policy and development rhetoric to include gender, as distinct from womens issues (itself, arguably, a post-feminist dilution of womens equality), masks fundamental attachment to business-as-usual, where social roles, pay differentials, political representation and environmental degradation remain little changed. However, there is, I argue, sufficient evidence to identify the influence of ecofeminist thinking on major policy initiatives concerning the relationship between women, men and environment at a variety of scales. The central question of this paper, then, is whether ecofeminism (as a distinct discourse, or as an amalgam of feminism and environmentalism constructed in different times and places in different ways) has hanged the way in which Western society articulates the relationship between men, women and the environment. This, of course, is a problematic and speculative exercise and will follow from an analysis of how discourse and practice themselves have changed. This paper will consider key changes to gender equality as it is linked to environmental sustainability, and explore how womens/feminists interests have helped to shape the environmental debate in the past decade. I will try to unpick dominant discourses which, on the one hand, are beginning to naturalize (some ould say neutralize) environmental concerns (where the terms sustainable development and environmental sustainability are common currency but poorly understood to the point of being anodyne), but on the other hand are marginalizing feminism, to examine the impact of this on ecofeminism. Finally, I will explore the territory of ecofeminisms leading/radical edge to speculate on where this may take both conceptual understanding and policy in the future. First, however, to put this discussion into context, I will briefly review ecofeminist arguments to illustrate their ange, before focusing on the constructivist approach, which has had the most traction in gender/environment debates in the last two decades. Ecofeminist approaches It is tempting to use a retrospective to try to impose some sort of order on past intellectual activity, and what I am attempting to do first in this article is to explore whether there is an intellectual trajectory, through a not necessarily coherent body of thinking and writing on gender and environment in the late twentieth century. In teasing out the possible relationship between womens position, gender anage the environment, ecofeminist writers in the 1970s and 1980s explored the relative importance of essentialism and social construction in these relationships. The social constructivist analyses (which tended to dominate French and British writing; see, for example, Mellor 1992) drew from the Marxist and social feminist literature to show how womens position in society (as, for example, carers of children and other vulnerable family members, domestic workers, and low paid/status workers) derived from prevailing social and economic structures, which exposed them to a particular set of environmental incivilities. The specifically ecofeminist argument here proposed that, since the same social and economic structures also produced wide-scale environmental damage, then women could, in some sense, share this experience and were therefore better placed to argue on natures behalf. The essentialist argument that underpinned some of the North American and Australian analyses proposed that women had a particular relationship with nature by virtue of their biology (predominantly as actual or potential child bearers) and that this proximity to nature qualified them to speak more eloquently on natures behalf see, for example, Spretnak 1989; Daly 1978). Different authors drew on each position to different degrees, and much of the critique of ecofeminism (well articulated in Biehl 1991) over the past 20 years has focused on the problems perceived with essentialism, and on the validity of a shared experience between the human and non-human. Dennis Smith (2001), in discussing the role of gender in peace and conflict, has argued that essentialism is often used as a tool to mobilize a group around a perceived characteristic which sets it apart, and, certainly, cultural ecofeminism (prioritizing essentialist arguments) did so. Its strength was to demonstrate the possibility of a way of thinking and being which reversed the normal hierarchy in which men stood at the peak; however, little academic feminist environmental thinking is currently framed in this way.