4 Different Styles of Citing a Research Paper

4 Different Styles of Citing a Research Paper When writing a paper for college – whether it’s an essay, thesis or dissertation – and you choose to cite a research paper, it’s very important to cite it properly. Plagiarism is not tolerated when writing papers, but you should already know that. Professors appreciate students with a thorough understanding of different citation styles. However, very few pay attention to this aspect. So if you’re looking for a way to stand out and make an impression, this is it! There are different ways of citing a research paper. They usually depend on your teacher’s requirements. Since you don’t want your grades to be affected, you need to be very careful and know each style really well. Main styles are APA, MLA, Chicago and Harvard. They’re not the same thing, so you might want to be careful. Citing research papers is different from citing sources from books. Here’s a quick guide to help you out. APA Citation Style Frequently used in social sciences, the APA style is one of the most common and also one of the most difficult citation styles. Referencing research papers in APA is done differently: Government Document E.g. NatiÐ ¾nal Institute Ð ¾f Mental Health. (1990).  Clinical training in seriÐ ¾us mental illness  (DHHS PublicatiÐ ¾n NÐ ¾. ADM 90-1679). WashingtÐ ¾n, DC: U.S. GÐ ¾vernment Printing Оffice. Private Organization Report E.g. American Psychiatric AssÐ ¾Ã ¾ciation. (2000).  Practice guidelines fÐ ¾r the treatment Ð ¾f patients with eating disÐ ¾rders  (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: Author. MLA Citation Style The MLA citation style is commonly used when citing sources within the humanities and liberal arts. If you want to use research papers as a main source for your paper, the formatting looks like this: Journal E.g. Hughes, Jane C., Elizabeth V. Brestan, and Linda Anne Valle. PrÐ ¾blem-SÐ ¾lving InteractiÐ ¾ns between MÐ ¾thers and Children. Child and Family BehaviÐ ¾r Therapy 26.1 (2004): 1-16. PsycINFО. Web. 12 Nov. 2006. Encyclopedia E.g. JacksÐ ¾n, Keith. â€Å"Chesapeake Bay.† EncyclÐ ¾pedia Britannica. 2006 ed. EncyclÐ ¾pedia Britannica Оnline. Web. 14 Sept. 2006. Newspaper (print) E.g. BrÐ ¾wn, Patricia Leigh. Tiffany Glass and Оther Tales frÐ ¾m the Crypt.New YÐ ¾rk Times  5 Sept. 1999: A1+. Print. Chicago Citation Style The Chicago citation style offers writers a referencing system through endnotes and footnotes citation when writing bibliography for college papers. Using Chicago properly will protect you from accusations of plagiarism. It builds credibility by proving accountability to the mentioned source material. General format: Name, Contributor 1, Contributor 2 Name, and Contributor 3  (etc.) Name. â€Å"Title of Resource.† E.g. Journal: Susan Peck MacDÐ ¾nald, â€Å"The Erasure of Language,†Ã‚  CÐ ¾llege CÐ ¾mposition and Communication  58, no. 4 (2007): 619 Harvard Citation Style Whether you’re citing a quote from a journal or adding bibliography at the end of your college paper, it’s really important to do it right to avoid plagiarism. Even though the Harvard citation style is one of the most common, it is fundamental to know the rules. Scientific paper (hard copy). Surname, Initial.  (Year). Title of article.  Title of Journal,  volume, page. ZabrÐ ¾dska, K., KvetÐ ¾n, P. (2013) Prevalence and FÐ ¾rms of WÐ ¾rkplace Bullying AmÐ ¾ng University EmplÐ ¾yees.  EmplÐ ¾yee RespÐ ¾nsibilities Rights Journal.  [Online] 25 (2), pp. 89-108. Retrieved from Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost  [accessed 31 August 2013]. Citing research papers in different citation styles can be challenging. However, providing that you know the rules, everything should play out perfectly. You can also try using Free Citation Generator that will make everything much easier. Your teachers will surely appreciate that you’re detail-oriented, and that you know the differences between APA, MLA, Chicago and Harvard styles.

Free Essays on Machiavelllis The Prince

Fear vs. Love (in Niccolo Machiavelli’s The Prince) The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli is the book that was based on examples of princes and other rulers of Spain, Italy, and other European countries at the time of Renaissance. It is a very interesting work that describes quite a few concepts on how to be a great ruler. To be a great ruler one must in a first place be a good person and according to Machiavelli to be a good person one should have these five qualities: compassion, honor, humanity, integrity, and religion. However, the following question arises, if a prince possesses all those fine qualities that make him a good person how can he be a great ruler who must be mortal and cruel, and according to Machiavelli, â€Å"†¦ no prince should mind being called cruel for what he does to keep his subjects united and loyal.† To help to answer this question I will look at the following passage: "In actual fact, a prince may not have all the admirable qualities listed above, but it is very necessary that he should seem to have them. Indeed, I will venture to say that when you have them and exercise them all the time, they are harmful to you; when you just seem to have them, they are useful. It is good to appear merciful, truthful, humane, sincere, and religious; it is good to be so in reality. But you must keep your mind so disposed that, in case of need, you can turn to the exact contrary." Machiavelly, in the first sentence of this passage shows how important it is for a prince not to have all those qualities that make him a great person but rather to seem like he has them. If prince was to have all those qualities that make him a good person he could not be a great ruler because a great ruler can not be merciful, human, sincere, etc†¦there as he must be cruel, tough, strong as a â€Å"Lion†, and unwilling to stop in front of any barriers that arise on his way of fulfilling his goal and the right to be called ... Free Essays on Machiavellli's The Prince Free Essays on Machiavellli's The Prince Fear vs. Love (in Niccolo Machiavelli’s The Prince) The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli is the book that was based on examples of princes and other rulers of Spain, Italy, and other European countries at the time of Renaissance. It is a very interesting work that describes quite a few concepts on how to be a great ruler. To be a great ruler one must in a first place be a good person and according to Machiavelli to be a good person one should have these five qualities: compassion, honor, humanity, integrity, and religion. However, the following question arises, if a prince possesses all those fine qualities that make him a good person how can he be a great ruler who must be mortal and cruel, and according to Machiavelli, â€Å"†¦ no prince should mind being called cruel for what he does to keep his subjects united and loyal.† To help to answer this question I will look at the following passage: "In actual fact, a prince may not have all the admirable qualities listed above, but it is very necessary that he should seem to have them. Indeed, I will venture to say that when you have them and exercise them all the time, they are harmful to you; when you just seem to have them, they are useful. It is good to appear merciful, truthful, humane, sincere, and religious; it is good to be so in reality. But you must keep your mind so disposed that, in case of need, you can turn to the exact contrary." Machiavelly, in the first sentence of this passage shows how important it is for a prince not to have all those qualities that make him a great person but rather to seem like he has them. If prince was to have all those qualities that make him a good person he could not be a great ruler because a great ruler can not be merciful, human, sincere, etc†¦there as he must be cruel, tough, strong as a â€Å"Lion†, and unwilling to stop in front of any barriers that arise on his way of fulfilling his goal and the right to be called ...

To develop business continuity and disaster recovery plan for mid Thesis - 1

To develop business continuity and disaster recovery plan for mid sized companies - Thesis Example Moreover, the need for effective business continuity plan and disaster recovery plan is driven by regulatory requirements, customer demands, new business practices and changes in technology. It is very important to maintain customer confidence as well as competitive edge in these days of uncertainty. It is also necessary for companies to guarantee customers that their business is up to the task and running and it will not cause them to fail to produce and deliver products to their end customers in the event of a crisis. In this global world, vendor continuity management has become a vital part for business continuity. ABC has achieved worldwide status as a major supplier to electronic companies throughout the world. As a consequence, many companies depend upon ABC for their supplies. It is ABC’ responsibility to take this dependency very seriously and plan for situations which could impair ABC’ ability under adverse conditions to respond to our customers. As part of ABC’ responsibility to avoid an adverse condition, pro-active steps are taken, such as maintaining good housekeeping, non-overloading and periodic measuring of electric power circuits and periodic maintenance of sprinkler systems, etc. Preventive steps are a cornerstone to prevent self induced hazardous conditions that can result in a disaster. However, there may be situations that are beyond the control of ABC, such as flooding due to hurricanes or other events of nature. Regardless of the cause, it is imperative that lost production be recovered as quickly as possible to minimize customer difficulties. Therefore, our actions for recovery should also include timely communication to our customers to apprise them the expected delivery situation and what is to be expected in the future. Any business continuity and disaster recovery plan is made using a certain framework or methodology that makes that whole process systematic and easy to create and then

How the environment plays a role in learning Research Paper

How the environment plays a role in learning - Research Paper Example (Dr. Maria Montessori) INTRODUCTION The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines learning as â€Å"the act or experience of one that learns†, â€Å"Knowledge or skill acquired by study† or modification of a behavioral tendency by experience (as exposure to conditioning). The two ideas central to the process of learning are one that knowledge is inborn and two, that it is acquired through experience. Though the relative contribution of these two factors still remains debatable, there is no doubt to the fact that an individual’s environment does influence the learning process (Ireson, 2008). For a child the major environmental factors in order of appearance in his life are parents or family, media, peer group, and classroom or school. The author intends to discuss the influence of each of these factors on the learning process in this paper. EFFECT OF ENVIRONMNET ON LEARNING The major factor determining the influence of environment on learning is related to observational and imitative learning which emerges in the early stages of child development. Beyond imitation, children are also seen to assess the implication of behavior and more likely to imitate behaviors which are rewarded. Thus factors such as thinking and reason come in to force in determining the path of learning process. However, environment remarkably influences these aspects of learning as well. Home environment: Parents & Family It is well recognized that home background effects learning process by exercising a multidimensional influence on the child. The four major variables that render the home environment educative, non educative or anti-educative are socioeconomic variables, family configuration (structural and educational aspects) as well as achievement levels, parental characteristics and home process variables (www.adi.org). The importance of home environment is underlined by the fact that the initial period of child development with exclusive and later predominant influence of home is the most rapid phase of development. Interventions at this stage are likely to have more impact on learning process compared to similar interventions at later stages. Even at later stages home remains a determining factor with continuous influence on social, nutritional, and emotional aspects of the child, thus affecting the learning process. Media Media in form of television, internet is knocking at the doors of childhood long before the child is introduced to any of his real friends. The animation characters and the advertisement jingles lure and influence them more than any of the peer group. The influence in some aspects is immediate and obvious such as vocabulary building and introduction to violence. Certain aspects may be gradual such as learning the technology and making children inquisitive as well as better informed. The creative use of media for imparting education, offering audio visual aids facilitating the learning process is being explored and exploited for m ainstream as well as special needs children. The optimal use of these aids is repeatedly stressed in researches. Caution needs to be exercised in the excessive use of media since it might lead to distractions and thus decelerate the learning process. Researchers such as Richard Clarke have argued against the effect of media on learning, declaring it as mere means of communication, thus considering the content as influencing the learning p

Conference and Banqueting Management Assignment

Conference and Banqueting Management - Assignment Example This is through catering to the conference and banqueting purposes of corporate entities. Also the same has become inevitable when it comes to weddings and other gatherings in general. Hence, the conference and â€Å"banqueting† (Sales Coordinator/Executive. n.d) business in itself have developed into a profitable and pioneering industry with a whooping scope of advancement. The UK and European economy has overcome certain fragilities in the recent years accountable to the global financial crisis and the government’s austerity measures and has mounted a powerful and sturdy recovery over the recent years. Investments in terms of restoring, i.e, transferring a business to its country of origin, favors the services and manufacturing industries the most in the recent future. Hence, predominantly the hospitality sector, in particular, the conference and banqueting sector forecasts colossal changes in the years to come. Conference and business events are worth â€Å"18.8 billion† (Koss et al, 2012).every year in the UK economy. Being the third largest to provide employment in the UK, the hospitality sector categorizes labor to various provisions as per functionalities namely corporate and individual businesses. Around â€Å"10 percent† (Murphy, n.d). of the UK workforce comprises of those engaged in the hospitality sector as per statistics of 2014. The hospitality industry remains a significant sector of the economy, with an annual turnover of around  £40billion (Trends & Statistics, 2008, British Hospitality Association). The conference and banqueting sector embraces the idea of self-development to flourish as a responsible business by building brand power and customer loyalty. This can be achieved by delivering innovation, value, and quality of the tasks involved. The success of any given event relies on several factors, the role of conference and banquet catering being paramount of them all.

Plastic Surgery Trends In South Korea

Plastic Surgery Trends In South Korea Plastic surgery is a special type of surgery involved both appearance and ability to function. Through plastic surgery patients appearance will be greatly improved. In modern society, Plastic surgery become a very popular with people and one of the most famous Plastic surgery country is South Korea .This paper provides an insight into history and status quo of the Korean Society of Plastic surgery. Based on the finding of the research, the paper draws the conclusion that plastic surgery technology has a lot of change and development which makes plastic surgery become cheaper and safer. Furthermore, there are many new plastic surgery trends formed to meet the needs of the beauty of the Korean people. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract.1 1. Introduction3 2. Discussion of findings3 2.1: History of the Korean society of plastic surgery3 2.2: South Korea is one of the world leaders in plastic surgery.4 2.3: Plastic surgery trends in South Korea.5 Conclusion.7 References..8 2 1. Introduction. In modern society, when the average quality of life in South Korea is rising, people tend to spend more time and money taking care for their appearance. The development of plastic surgery has help a lot people to fulfill their hope to be beautiful. Therefore, it become very popular in South Korea since its appearance. Plastic surgery has long been big business in the US, but now the trend is sweeping across Asia and South Korea was one of the most affected countries from this trend. Thus, this paper with the purpose of giving more knowledge about the history of plastic surgery of the Korean society, South Korea is the world leader in plastic surgery and Plastic surgery trends in South Korea. 2.Discussion of findings. 2.1: History of the Korean society of plastic surgery. It was around 1945 that there were no plastic surgery techniques available in Korea ( Korean society of plastic and reconstructive surgeons ). Doctors at the time had never heard the term plastic surgery. Nonetheless, after independence, the entry of Western doctors into Korea had brought opportunity for Korean doctors to be able to access Western journals and different medicines such as sulfa drugs and penicillin. At that time, the term plastic surgery was still not mentioned but there are still many documents written about Western doctors performing skin grafts on patients with facial and finger disfigurement and contracture due to severe and chronic necrosis of the skin, skin defects, and burns. In 1950, the Korean War broke out, a lot of doctors from the US and UN were mobilized to cure injured patients, began active treatment of injured patients (Korean society of plastic and reconstructive surgeons ). Among them, the US military doctors Dr. Millard and Dr. Stenstrom had arrived in Busan, they applied various plastic surgery techniques including reconstruction. However, they just concentrated only on their duties and did not intend to develop plastic surgery in Korea. In the mid 1950s ,the importance of plastic surgery was realized when Korean doctors who had learned advanced medicine abroad, including Europe and America , started to teach at colleges and universities in Korea (Korean society of plastic and reconstructive surgeons). Since then, the term Plastic surgery began to be known and widespread in Korea. In August 1961, Dr. Jaeduck Yoo- a professional in plastic surgery in the US , founded the plastic surgery department at Yonsei University Severance Hospital , thereby initiating plastic surgery as a special field of medicine and training specialists in the field for the first time in Korea (Korean society of plastic and reconstructive surgeons ) Since 1964, lectures were given to students on plastic surgery in the college of medicine at Yonsei University and training was given to plastic surgery specialists (Korean society of plastic and reconstructive surgeons). However, such training remained within the scope of general surgery. On May 15, 1966 , some 30 doctors from various fields of medicine, including general surgery, orthopedic surgery, ENT, and ophthalmology, who had an interest in plastic surgery established the Korean Society of Plastic Reconstructive Surgeons. Since then plastic surgery was invested and developed as a new field of medicine (Korean society of plastic and reconstructive surgeons). 2.2: South Korea is one of the world leader in plastic surgery. A decade ago, according to ARA n.d.,Plastic surgery is something that only the rich can think about , but now, plastic surgery has become so common that an estimated 30 percent of Korean women aged 20 to 50 had surgical or nonsurgical cosmetic procedures last year, with many having more than one procedure . In an effort to improve their beauty, 20 per cent of women between the ages of 19 and 49 in Seoul, the countrys capital city, admitted they had gone under the knife. Three in every four Korean women aging from 20-30 have undergone plastic surgery and the double eyelid surgery is the most performed one on women in this country. A quarter of Korean mother whose daughter is between the ages of 12 and 16 encourage their children to go to cosmetic surgery. Plus, there is the fact that more than a quarter of Korean graduate students are supposed to be fail in an interview because of their appearance; therefore, they have already undergone plastic surgery, in order to correct this error. In fact, not only women but men are willing to go under the knife in the name of beauty. Kang Jang-seok, who runs Man Nature in Gangnam, southern Seoul, said he opened my practice in 2005 as a hair-transplant clinic, but soon decided to open a small plastic-surgery clinic next to it to accommodate growing demand from male patients who wanted bigger eyes and more pronounced noses. Two years ago, he moved the clinic into a four-story building fully dedicated to reshaping men According to the latest statistics from the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons n.d., South Korea ranked eighth globally in 2010 in terms of the total number of surgical cosmetic procedures performed .There is nothing wrong if they had undergone plastic surgery so 73% of women encourage men to cosmetic surgery to improve their appearance. The change in attitudes can also attribute to the trend in which TV actors and pop idols no longer hide their cosmetic treatments.There are many Korean stars had went under the knife to make their appearance become more perfect. A member of the boy-band Big Bang confessed that he underwent surgery following a traffic accident but had also contemplated having his face changed to look more likely one or two movie stars he admired. Plastic surgery in Korea is becoming such a lucrative market that has apparently threatened some plastic surgeons in the United States. 2.3: Plastic surgery trends in South Korea. Less invasive facelifts The trend has been to use different techniques. With hybrid Future Lift, the optimal features of older-generation short-incision mini facelifts are fused with deep plane facelifts that gently lift underneath the muscle. So instead of a stretched look, you get a natural, rejuvenated look. Since the incision is smaller (about one quarter in length), it can be done through a telescope the same as open-heart surgery. Because the techniques are less invasive, the recovery time is 5-10 days instead of 4-6 weeks. New ways to restore facial volume. When we lose elasticity in our face, our cheekbone and jaw-line structure deflate, and the fabric of our skin starts to degrade. Doctors used to only focus on the sagging part.Hyaluronic Acid (Restylane and Juvederm) is a method focusing on adding volume to the face and reshape the face to have higher cheekbones, which is often associated with female beauty With fat grafting (also known as fat transfer) borrow fat from another part of the body, purify those fat tissues and transfer them back into the face.Thats a permanent result that adds volume back to the face. It minimizes the plastic look. Silicone breast implants. Over the past 25 years, because of advances in plastic surgical techniques, the esthetic quality of breast reconstruction has improved greatly. Before the early 1970s, breast reconstruction was a multistage procedure in which a distant random flap was transferred to the chest in a series of operations. The results were not always successful, nor were the reconstructed breasts consistently cosmetically pleasing (Nadine B. Semer, MD, 2001). Until 2006, the FDA re-approved silicone implants for cosmetic breast augmentation. They are safer and more durable, with thicker shells to prevent leakage. The inner silicone gel is more cohesive, so they dont ooze or spill if punctured. They often look and feel more natural than saline implants (which are just bags of salt water), with less rippling and better maintenance of shape. These re-approved silicone breast implants have been the gold standard for breast cancer reconstruction, and now cosmetic patients are benefiting from the improved impl ant as well. They come in hundreds of shapes and sizes, and can truly be customized to each patients personal goals and anatomic characteristics. Advanced body-contouring techniques. The increase of patients undergoing Bariatric surgery (gastric bypass, LapBand) has created a whole new population of patients with loose, hanging skin. Many people have lost 100 pounds or more, but remained dissatisfied before the advent of comprehensive plastic surgical techniques for body contouring. Anesthesia, peri-operative testing and planning including nutrition and exercise have optimized these patients. Combined operations involving arm, abdomen, leg and face-lifts are possible. Improved liposuction technology (ultrasonic, power-assisted, Vaser) may also be added for even better results Bià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿n cà ¡c cà ¢u ngà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¯n nà  y thà  nh 1 cà ¢u dà  i Ä‘i Lasers to resurface the skin. When our skin tones are uneven, thats a sign of aging. Using Laser Treatment to target damaged skin by creating microscopic wounds to trigger collagen production, reverse the signs of aging and reduce hyper-pigmentation and age spots make people look naturally good. 6 Conclusion. From all the findings above, it is clear that several years ago, many people are afraid, embarrassed with cosmetic surgery and often try to hide but today plastic surgery is very normal thing for women and even men in Korea. Since the first time plastic surgery appears in Korea, plastic surgery technology has a lot of change and development which makes plastic surgery becoming cheaper and safer. Besides, there are many new plastic surgery trend formed to meet the needs of the beauty of the Korean people. 7

Essay example --

The book In the Heart of the Sea: The Tragedy of the Whaleship Essex by Nathaniel Philbrick, is an inspiring story about an Essex from Nantucket, getting attacked by a eighty-five ton sperm whale miles deep out in the ocean. In these times, going on any ocean expedition had its precautions. While much focus on food, drinking water, medication and a method to cure illness, the most overlooked impairment was the creatures of the ocean. While the men of this vessel left the docks as predators, the survivors of the ninety- three-day journey on three small harpoon boats came back as prey. This story gives a great depiction of the potential of the sperm whale as well as the devastation that they can bring. While whaling isn’t nearly as popular today, in this time many men made, or attempted to make, a living in this industry. Despite the hard work, dangerous standards and general intimidation, shipmates were lured into the industry for the high pay. When feeling protected by a large ship, weapons and a fearless captain, it was easy to forget the power of what they were hunting. The sperm whale is the largest of all the toothed whales, with males maturing at an average size of fifty- two feet and sometimes can reach up to sixty-seven feet in length. â€Å"It’s twenty-foot-wide tail pumped up and down.† (Philbrick, 2000, 82) The domain of life that the sperm whale belongs to is the Eukaryote. This is because the sperm whale is an organism that is made up of cells that contain a nucleus as well as other structures that are enclosed by the cell membrane. The kingdom that it belongs to is the Animalia. This is because they are multi-cellular organisms. These a nimals contain other distinct features including; â€Å"interior digestion of f... ...ats of the whale are still used in some of today’s industries. These parts of the whale have numerous applications in biotechnology. Some of which include, but are not limited to; candles, oil lamps, soaps, and lubricants. Even though their oils have significance in certain applications, the sperm whale is considered an endangered species. This is primarily because of being over hunted. They also have been known to get caught in fishing nets, subject to pollution, also can be severely affected by ocean debris. There are many creatures that live in the sea. The sperm whale being one of many creatures that has a huge impact on the ocean. They are very unique creators, who most people tend to forget about. The sperm whale created a huge conflict for the Essex, leaving the reading wondering what is going to end up happening. This book inspired the book Moby Dick.

History Coursework – Arab Israeli Conflict

In 1948 the village of Deir Yassin was invaded by Jewish Irgun fighters. By noon on the same day they had killed everyone in the entire village – women and children included. There is no real proof about who is to blame for the Palestinian refugee problem. The reasons of the fight over Deir Yassin go back since the partition of Palestine. The partition meant that majority of the population, the Arabs, would get less land that the Jews. On the other hand, the Jews did not get Jerusalem, their homeland, included in their area. Both sides were unhappy about the land they were given, so they started to fight each other to get the land back. In December 1947 violence broke out between them and they grew more and more aggressive until massacre itself in April the next year. The Jews thought that if they committed the mass murder, they could gain back the land. Deir Yassin would have been an extremely important strategic point for whoever had control of it. This made the village more valuable to both the Arabs and Jews, which meant it was the centre for violence. The two sources are written about the same event but express the opinions of different people. Source A is a pamphlet produce by the PLO describing the Arab exodus form Palestine, and the Deir Yassin massacre. Source b is a statement made to the UN by Israel's foreign minister in 1961, expressing her view of the incident and the general exodus of Palestine. As source A is a pamphlet, it's obviously propaganda. It's heavily biased in the Palestinians point of view. It's advertising the fact that the Palestinians left Palestine because of their fear, and not on their own accord. It blames the whole refugee problem on Israel: â€Å"Thousands of Palestinians fled†¦ were prevented from returning to their home by Israel.† They had a fair argument because they were forced to leave in fear, as nobody would want to be slaughtered. As the source is directed towards the world to try and get international support, it is obviously exaggerated to make everything sound worse for the Arabs to generate sympathy for them: â€Å"In cold blood†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"Mutilating many of the bodies†. Before concluding, one must take into account the fact that the Palestinians do not tell both sides of the story. The source fails to mention the Infitada or â€Å"uprising†, which was the civil disobedience that grew in parts of Israel. It consisted of riots and protests led by Arabs. The Infitada happened before the source was written, so they have no excuse for not writing about it in the pamphlet. They did not want to include the other side f the story as this would lower the amount of sympathy gained by the Palestinians from the world. Also, the UN Resolution 242, which could have solved the refugee problems, and could also be to their advantage, wasn't mentioned. As well as this, the various terrorist acts committed before the source was written aren't included in the source, so anyone that reads this source will not think badly of the Palestinians. Although source B is written about the same event, it draws all the attention away from the massacre. As the source is a statement directed towards the UN, it only mentions the facts that Israel wants them to know. The main purpose was to convince the UN to take their side, and stop them from passing resolution 242 which was going to force Israel to withdraw from all their occupied territories. Mrs Meir brings all the attention away from the Jewish actions and tries to turn the argument around. She tries to convince the world that the massacre at Deir Yassin was committed by â€Å"Jewish Dissidents†, or crazy terrorists, not the Israeli government, and nothing to do with Golda Meir. The source cleverly accuses the Arab armies for the Arab refugees. It states the all that carried out aggression against Israel are responsible for the refugees. According to the source the Arab leaders who led the armies told all the Arabs living in Palestine to evacuate the country so the armies could get in, forcing them to live in refugee camps. As with the first PLO source, the writer of this purposely leaves out the earlier Israeli terrorist actions, such as the attacks on the King David hotel in Jerusalem. To conclude, the 2 sources are totally different. They differ in almost every way, and each source is extremely biased, the sources are not reliable at all, we can only use them to see individual opinions. Neither of the sources either have proof to support the opinions, for example source B tells us that the massacre was undertaken by people who had nothing to do with the government, but the Israelis have no evidence for this, so we have no reason to believe this. The sources give so diverse facts and opinions, it is impossible to draw conclusions about who is to blame for the refugee problem, we can only have our own opinion. GCSE COURSEWORK ASSIGNMENT MODERN WORLD STUDY: THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT Question 2 Although sources A-F include a lot of information, it is hard to analyze the sources to make the conclusion of who is to blame for the Palestinian refugee problems. Many of the sources are biased and don't give both sides to the story. The 6 sources give us lots of information concerning the opinions of the different sides, but when it comes to concluding and giving a fair opinion, it's almost impossible. We need to analyze each source for their efficiency, and asses them to find out their purpose and reliability. Source A gives us the Palestinian view of the Arab exodus from Palestine. It says that the Jews invaded the village of Deir Yassin, and then killed the entire population. It says that the thousands of Palestinians who fled Palestine in terror were prevented from returning to their own â€Å"homeland† by Israel. The source blames Israel for the refugee problem. Reading this source alone, one would believe that the entire refugee problem would be the fault of the Israelis, but the source is heavily biased and given in the Palestinian point of view. The source fails to mention a few major details which could help you conclude, such as the intifada that happened when the Palestinians started to fight back against the Israelis, and the various s terrorist attacks they made to try and get their land back. The main cause for the violence was the fact that the British forces left. Source B is written in a similar style as source A, but it is heavily biased and in the view of the Israelis, It is written about the same event, but blames the Palestinian Arabs for the whole refugee event. It basically says that the Arabs actually caused the whole refugee problem, and that the Jewish had nothing to do with it. They say that the massacre at Deir Yassin was committed by terrorists, and was nothing to do with the Jewish government. It says that the other Arab countries told the Palestinians to leave the country so the Arab forces could get in, which would mean that the Jews aren't responsible at all for the problem. As with the first source, there is no proof, so we can't believe what is said. Using these 2 sources, there's no conclusion we can come to as they both contradict each other. Source C is an article by an Irish journalist. It contradicts source B, saying that there were no orders at all, by the Arabs, to leave Palestine. This proves source B wrong, and it has proof. It says that there are records in the British museum which say that there was not a single order to evacuate Palestine. It says there were even appeals to stay put in Palestine, which contradicts source B. This source offers evidence and is reliable, and is obviously non-biased. It's hard to tell who caused the refugee when you have two sources telling you that the other is wrong. Source D is an extract from some comments made by Palestinian refugees. They tell us what work the UN did to stop the refugee problem. They say that they have refused homes and other forms of compensation because all they wanted was to be allowed to return to their homeland. This means that the Palestinians are responsible for keeping all the problems, and it's their own fault that they're living in camps. They are purposely being awkward, even though the UN is supporting them. This is an informative factual statement which is slightly biased in the Palestinians favour. Source E is written by the Israeli ambassador to the UN. The source states that if Palestinians settled elsewhere, the whole problem would stop. It is basically a confirmation to source D. This source pretty much proves that the Arabs are causing the refugee problem. The last source, F, is 2 photos. They say that the Arab was born in Jerusalem, but can't go back to live there. The Jew was not born in Palestine, but she can return there any time she wants. The Arab and the Jew can still say exactly the same thing20 years later, as their situations are exactly the same, nothing has changed. The source is defiantly not biased as it has the perspective of a Jew and an Arab. It doesn't explain the cause of the problem, but it tells us that the problem has not been solved yet. To conclude, these sources do not let you come to a conclusion. Source A contradicts source B, and source C contradicts source B. Sources D and E tell us that the Arabs didn't want compensation and acted awkwardly to annoy the UN, which contradicts source A again. With all the sources saying that others are wrong, and the lack of evidence for sources A, B and E, we cannot believe any of them, or come to any sort of agreement about who really is to blame for the refugee problem. We need more evidence and facts to come to a firm conclusion.

Factors Affecting a Healthy Lifestyle Essay Example

Factors Affecting a Healthy Lifestyle Essay Example Factors Affecting a Healthy Lifestyle Paper Factors Affecting a Healthy Lifestyle Paper Health is described as physical and mental well-being and freedom from disease, pain or defect. However, such descriptions only superficially define the concept of health. There may be many occasions when individuals are not necessarily ill or in pain but may be overweight, stressed or unfit. Health is a quality of life involving dynamic interaction and interdependence among the individual’s physical state, their mental and emotional reactions, and the social context in which the individual exists. There are many factors that influence your health. A healthy lifestyle has four major components: 1. Self-awareness 2. A balanced diet  3. Regular physical activity 4. Rest and relaxation 1. Self Awareness In order to lead a healthy lifestyle, it is essential that individuals constantly monitor their health. This involves not only physical, but also mental and emotional aspects of the body’s functioning, as they relate to the home, school, work, and leisure environments. If necessary changes are made sooner rather than later, then a stable, balanced and healthy lifestyle will be more consistently maintained. 2. A Balanced Diet The foods we eat provide us with a variety of essential nutrients required for normal bodily functioning and sufficient energy for activity. https://healtheappointments.com/lifestyle-diseases-essays/ The typical diet of many Australians is characterized by a more than adequate protein intake, high sugar content, a high fat content and a low content of fibre and roughage. This dietary combination has been related to the incidence of several contemporary diseases such as obesity, heart disease and bowel disorders. Foods required in the diet can be considered in 5 major groups:  · Bread And Cereals – Providing carbohydrates  · Milk and Milk Products – Providing calcium  · Meat, Fish, Eggs and Nuts – Providing protein  · Fruit and Vegetables – Providing vitamins and minerals  · Fats – An essential nutrient, which form an important part of cell structure, and is a source of energy.  · Water – An essential part of diet. 3. Regular Physical Activity Regular physical activity is basic to the attainment of health and an essential component of a healthy lifestyle. Contemporary diseases, with the exception of those transmitted through sexual activity, are mostly conditions of old age and degenerative illness, often the result of poor lifestyle habits. The degenerative diseases of the circulatory, respiratory and musculo-skeletal systems which are now so predominant, are a consequence of our technical society. Many technological advances are intended to eliminate physical exertion from everyday activities. At the same time, life in an increasingly complex and competitive society, with pressing business and domestic obligations and deadlines, can make the maintenance of a regular physical exercise programme more difficult. Physical activity develops and maintains a level of health sufficient to carry out normal occupational and leisure pursuits without undue fatigue, and decreases the risk of too early disability or death. It cannot be said that regular activity will extend lifespan, but the quality of life will certainly be enhanced.

Concepts of Alzheimers disease

Concepts of Alzheimers disease Women and Alzheimers disease Introduction Alzheimer’s disease, popularly known as AD, is an irremediable, progressive ailment of the brain that destroys brain cells responsible for executing brain roles such as memory and thinking. Alzheimer disease destroys some brain faculties making the person unable to perform even the simplest tasks. To begin with, the disease affects regions of the brain, which manage language, memory and thought.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Concepts of Alzheimer’s disease specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, women suffering from Alzheimer disease find it hard to memorize things that have occurred lately and in most cases, they cannot even remember the names of people conversant to them. As time goes by, the symptoms become ubiquitous and worse. The disease also affects men but not vicious as compared to women. Source: https://farm1.static.flickr.com/95/225036858_d88c73896e .jpg For instance, women like men suffering from Alzheimer disease cannot recognize family members, experience some speaking difficulties and they loose their ability to read and write. Additionally, they forget to do even simple things like combing hair and brushing their teeth. With time, they become very nervous and belligerent, wandering far away from home never to return back as they cannot remember the way back home. The symptoms of Alzheimer disease become prevalent the age of 60. This means that as one gets older, the risks becomes high. Notably, research shows that the disease leads to dementia- a disease common among older people- men and women. Dementia is a brain disease characterized by the loss of cognitive functioning.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, persons suffering from dementia have remembering, thinking and reasoning intricacies, whic h end up affecting their daily activities. So far, statistics reveal that there are over 5.1 million people suffering from Alzheimer disease in United States alone and the disease affects more women than men (U.S National Institute of Health, 2010, p.1). Brain Changes with Alzheimer’s disease So far, medics are yet to identify the real cause of Alzheimer disease. Additionally, medics are busy doing research to identify how the process starts and whether brain damage occurs 10 to 20 years prior to the appearance of first symptoms. The brain changes are the same in both men and women suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. Nevertheless, some medical practitioners believe that it all starts with the development of tangles in the brain especially in the entorhinal cortex and affects more women than men. Other regions of the brain may also develop plaques. Further development of the plaques and tangles within the brain regions hampers the normal functioning of the healthy neuro ns. Eventually, the neurons become less efficient and cannot communicate effectively with each other; consequently, they die leaving the person in big problems. The tangles and the plaques continue to damage the entorhinal cortex and eventually spread into a nearby region, hippocampus. The hippocampus is the region of the brain responsible for memory. There is also a significant increase in the death of the neurons leading to the shrinking of the affected regions. Source: https://www.drugdevelopment-technology.com/ Signs and Symptoms The society has mixed perceptions on the signs and symptoms of the disease. In most cases, they associate them with disability. Alzheimer’s disease develops slowly making it hard for medics to establish the whole process.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Concepts of Alzheimer’s disease specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Several neuropsychological testing reveals the dominan ce of mild cognitive intricacies eight years before the real diagnosis. Some of the common early symptoms include memory loss, which affects the person’s ability to remember or even get new information. In the early stage, persons suffering from Alzheimer’s disease experience memory loss, language difficulties, changed perceptions (agnosia), and difficulties in moving from one place to another, apraxia. At this stage, the disease does not impair all memory capacities. Even if it affects these memory capacities, the extent of damage is not uniform across all memories. For example, research shows that the episodic memory responsible for remembering past happenings, the semantic memory responsible for recognizing learned facts, and the implicit memory of how the body works has lesser damages as compared to other memory capacities. This problem is more prevalent in men than in women. Additionally, both men and women experience language problems like hesitancy of words and dwindling vocabulary hence, the penury of spoken and written language. Nevertheless, the person can still perform fine motor tasks for example, walking, eating, writing, and drawing (Forstl, H. Kurz, 1999, pp. 288-290). The second stage of symptoms is the moderate. Here, the early signs and symptoms starts to deteriorate and eventually hinders the independence of a person. In most cases, this effect is dominant in men. On the other hand, women also experience speech difficulties and become prevalent-paraphasias. With time, they loose the ability to read and write. The memory loss problem also worsens and the person cannot even recognize family members. This stage exhibits behavioral and neuropsychiatric changes such as tetchiness, labile effect, outbursts, itinerancy, sundowning and aggression. In the advanced stage, the both men and women cannot perform any task individually. There is complete loss of speech characterized by single words and phrases. Nevertheless, although such pe rsons cannot communicate effectively, they understand and can answer using emotional gestures.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More At this stage, they experience acute apathy, aggressiveness and exhaustion and they cannot perform any task including the simple ones minus assistance. Other symptoms include the deterioration of mobility and muscle mass to a stage where they confine to bed, unable to feed themselves. The table below shows the number of incidences affected after the age of 65 (Frank, 1994, pp. 417-423). Age Number of Men and Women Affected per One Thousand 65-69 3 70-74 6 75-79 9 80-84 23 85-89 40 Above 90 69 Causes To date, scientist have not identified the real cause of Alzheimer’s disease, although it is clear that the disease starts with some complications and a chain of events occurring in the brain for a lengthy period of time. Genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors are some of the possible causes of Alzheimer’s disease. Nevertheless, scientists have put across several hypotheses, which tend to explain the cause of AD. For example, the cholinergic hypot hesis depicts the reduced synthesis of neurotransmitter acetylcholine as the cause of Alzheimer’s disease. Nonetheless, many scientists do not agree with this hypothesis and always find faults in it. Another hypothesis, amyloid hypothesis, developed in 1991 explains that amyloid beta (AÃŽ ²) causes Alzheimer’s disease. The hypothesis continues further to explain position of the gene in the amyloid beta precursor protein (APP) occurring in chromosome 21, a characteristic experienced by older persons. Since then, scientists have made numerous advances to the hypothesis explaining how amyloid plaques cause impairs the normal functioning of the neurons. Another hypothesis, explains how the breakdown of myelin within the brain causes Alzheimer’s disease. Such breakdowns cause distractions in axonal transport hence, trouncing of neurons. The hypothesis also explains that the iron unconfined during the go kaput of myelin can cause brain damages (Polvikoski, Sulkava, Ha ltia, 1995, pp. 1242-1247). Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease The definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease is not an easy task. This is because it involves the assessment of the brain tissue and pathology examination in an autopsy. Nevertheless, due to the development of science and technology, medics are now in a position to determine whether persons suffering from memory problems have dementia or Alzheimer’s disease. In order to diagnose Alzheimer’s disease, medical practitioners have to perform the following. Firstly, they examine the medical history of the person affected, which includes the ability to carry out different tasks, earlier medical quandaries, and alterations in personality and behavior. Secondly, doctors will then proceed to perform memory tests such as attention and problem solving. They will also test the person’s ability to count and communicate effectively (language). Thirdly, they will then carry out medical tests from samp les of urine, blood and the spinal fluid. The last test involves brain scanning. Using computerized tomography (CT) or another technique called magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); doctors can determine the extent of brain damage over time. Perhaps this is the main reason why doctors prefer early diagnosis as they can be in a position to prescribe drugs, which control further development of the symptoms. Early diagnosis will also make many families prepare for the future in advance and develop support networks (Shiel Marks, 2010, p. 1). Society and AD Depending on one’s background, the view on women with Alzheimer can vary greatly. Nevertheless, women are important people in society. Although many women are more likely to be affected, the mortality rate is higher in men than in women. In fact, severe dementia and delirium causes mortality in men. On the other hand, women suffering from dementia are having low insulin as compared to men meaning, the probability of women sufferin g from diabetes is higher than that of men. Women and Alzheimer’s Disease Research shows that women are at high risk of attack of Alzheimer’s disease. Currently, women contribute 66 percent of persons suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. United States government is going to spend over US$20 billion for over 78 million baby boomers, many of them suffering from this disease. Women suffer most because of their gender, not longevity. Once women reach menopause, they experience estrogen deficiency. Medical research indicates that estrogen is imperative in protecting the mental functioning of the brain. It also controls the production of amyloid, which forms amyloid plaques dangerous to the brain. Thus, as the level of estrogen plummet, the intrinsic fortification of women ceases; nonetheless, as for men, they change testosterone into estrogen even at old ages hence, ensuring them protection against the disease. In women, the brain’s vascular system is dependent on estrogen. Thus, once the production of estrogen stalls, there is no further preservation of the woman’s vascular system (Liesi, Scherr, McCann, Beckett, Evans, 1999, pp. 132-136). Various medical researches indicate that after menopause, the body of women fails to normalize its blood vessels just like in the past due to the absence of estrogen. This can cause further deterioration resulting from such abnormalities. However, with time, the body adapts to the new body condition and sets new modalities of maintaining the vascular system. Blood vessels are like highways that ship oxygen and nutrients throughout the body. As women start their menopause period, certain vascular quandaries develop. Within vessels, some tiny vessels develop causing miscommunication. Doctors cannot use synthetic hormones to correct the situation as it can interfere with the normal functioning of the body. Consequently, abnormal changes occur in the brain; nerves responsible for memory and capacit y to learn damage, and brain cells die. This changes a person’s personality and behavior and in some occasions, the body can loose its ability to perform normal functions like walking, writing, and drawing (Lerner, 1999, pp. 1830-1834). Treating the Psychiatric Symptoms So far, there is no established cure for Alzheimer’s disease.Scientists have developed drugs that treat symptoms associated with Alzheimer’s disease. For example, in treating agitation, doctors recommend beta-blockers, anxiolytics, trazodone and antipsychotics. However, there is still pharmacological controversy on these drugs regarding their side effects such as stroke and sudden death. For example, some drugs treat men effectively from depression but fails in women. Additionally, women suffering from Alzheimer’s disease, experiencing apathy, and concentrating problems should desist from using antidepressants as they may cause more harm. Research shows that sedating atypical antidepressan ts, trazodone, is effective in controlling the dominant symptoms like agitation, hallucination and insomnia. Other modes of treatment include non-pharmacologic measures such as not taking fluids at night to reduce urination, pain treatment, exposure to sunlight and other activities that induce sleep. Conclusion It is true the disease affects both men and women. However, research shows that women constitute the highest percentage of those affected. Both men and women suffering from Alzheimer’s disease need maximum care, as they cannot perform normal activities due to brain damage. Sometimes, families can have stress in caring for these patients, as they need total attention. Nevertheless, persons suspecting to have the disease should see the doctor for diagnosis and further treatment. Reference List Forstl, H. Kurz, A. (1999). Clinical features of Alzheimers disease. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 249(6), 288–290. Frank, E. (1994). Effect of Alzheimers disease on communication function. Journal of Science and Medical Association, 90 (9), 417–423. Lerner, A. (1999). Women and Alzheimer’s Disease. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism, 84(6), 1830-1834. Liesi, E., Scherr, P., McCann, J., Beckett, L. Evans, D. (1999). Is the Risk of Developing Alzheimer’s Disease Greater for Women than Men? American Journal of Epidemiology, 153(2), 132-136. Polvikoski, T., Sulkava, R. Haltia, M. (1995). Apolipoprotein E, dementia, and cortical deposition of beta-amyloid protein. New England Journal of Medicine, 333(19), 1242–1247. Shiel, W. Marks, J. (2010). Alzheimer’s Disease. Retrieved from https://www.medicinenet.com/alzheimers_disease_causes_stages_and_symptoms/article.htm U.S National Institute of Health. (2010). Alzheimer’s Disease Fact Sheet.

Employee At Will Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Employee At Will - Research Paper Example re, it cannot allow any of its employees to endanger or compromise the lives of its employees or its customers through show of certain symptoms and behavior that are characteristic of using marijuana medical or otherwise. The labor laws provide for employee protection as well as maintenance of workplace safety by the employers. By having an employee working in this company who uses marijuana, the company would be breaking the labor laws mentioned above (United States Department of Labor, 2014). We however admit that there are questions we should have asked Mr. Casis before termination of his employment. One of these questions is how long he has been using the medical marijuana and what time he has been using it. He other questions that should have been asked should be what the side effects he experiences when he used this drug and how long they usually last. He should be asked to document evidence of his use of the drug as well as how often he uses it. All these should have been compared with his workplace performance and behavior since he first started using the drug to collect enough evidence that he is a risk factor to the well-being and safety of the employees and customers. The termination of Mr. Casias employment was rather sudden, rushed and unjustified. The correct channels normally used before an employee is fired were never used. The first question to ask the employer was what how they got to know about his use of medical marijuana which was prescribed by his physicians and employee health records are rather confidential. The other is on what evidence they had of his use of the drug. Did Mr. Casis portray any erratic behavior or other negative symptoms normally associated with the use of marijuana medical or otherwise? If so, what is the evidence of that behavior and how did the behavior affect his performance at work. Before any employee is fired he needs to have breached workplace code of performance and in this case, Wal-Mart did not provide the

Jornal 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Jornal 4 - Essay Example The statues and trophies were also for memorial purposes and were built on sites where all the Greek would see them for centuries. Such sites include Olympia and Delphi. Pan-Hellenic festivals had activities such as Olympia games while the Persian wars are an example of wars against non-Greek enemies of the 5th century BCE. The Greek were quite innovative, and their outstanding inventions, both political and cultural are still used today. Major political innovations of the Greek are the concepts of a democratic form of government and the rise of the city-state. Athens is believed to be the center where democracy was invented in the world. The Athenian democracy later ended in the ancient Greece, but the ideals of democratic concepts influence governments and politics worldwide even today. Abraham Lincoln of the U.S. described democracy as â€Å"A government of the people, by the people and for the people.† Modern Philosophy was also an innovation of the ancient Greece. Before this innovation, the world was masked with magic and misconceptions. For instance, the Egyptians associated floods, fertile dark soils along the river Nile with Pharaoh Commands. The Greeks developed philosophical explanations of the world around them less magic, myth or religion. The ancient Olympics were practiced culturally in the ancient Greece. These games were played on the ancient Olympian plains for the Olympian gods. The modern Olympics were founded on the basis of the Ancient Greece Olympics. This paper discussed the primary features of the Hellenic polis and some cultural and political innovations of the Greeks. Some of the innovations covered are modern philosophy, democracy, and the Olympics. The paper also discussed how the innovations cited have been enduring throughout the development of History (Smith, De Mieroop and